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Big History is an interdisciplinary approach to history that examines the history of the universe, from the Big Bang to the present. It connects insights from various fields, including astronomy, biology, geology, and sociology, to provide a unified narrative of the cosmos, Earth, life, and human civilization, offering a broad perspective on our place in the universe.
B ) Era of Enlightenment and Reason and industrial Revolution
C ) 16th and 17th century
D ) All of these ✅
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Modern History refers to the period of history beginning in the late 15th century with events like the Renaissance, Age of Exploration, and the Reformation, and extending to the present day.
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The conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II in 1453 marked the beginning of the Modern Era in history. This event ended the Byzantine Empire, established Ottoman dominance, and symbolized a shift in power from medieval feudal systems to centralized empires, also sparking the European Renaissance by encouraging scholars to flee to Western Europe with ancient knowledge.
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Posthumanism is a philosophical and cultural movement that challenges traditional human-centered perspectives, focusing on the interconnectedness of humans, non-human entities, technology, and the environment. It explores the impact of advancements like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and environmental changes, redefining what it means to be "human" in a world increasingly influenced by non-human factors.
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Idealism ChatGPT said: ChatGPT Idealism is a philosophical doctrine that emphasizes the primacy of ideas, consciousness, or mind over material or physical reality.
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI or B&R), known in China as the One Belt One Road and sometimes referred to as the New Silk Road, is a global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013 to invest in more than 150 countries and international organizations
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Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from 1861 to 1865 during one of the most turbulent times in American history—the Civil War.
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The U.S. President who visited Pakistan in 1969 was Richard Nixon. He visited during his presidency to strengthen diplomatic ties with Pakistan, which played a significant role in U.S. foreign policy, particularly in the context of the Cold War and relations with China.
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The Declaration of Independence of the USA was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Jefferson, with input from other members of the drafting committee, including John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston, crafted the document that proclaimed the colonies' independence from British rule.
✅ Founded: October 24, 1945, San Francisco, California, United States , Headquater :New York ,Members 193 member states, Permanent member is 05 which are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States Not members of the United Nations (UN) are Taiwan, Kosovo, and Vatican City. President Roosevelt (32nd U.S. President)as the "Father of the United Nations,
✅ Mr. Paul-Henri Spaak, Foreign Minister of Belgium, was elected first President of the General Assembly of the United Nations on January 16, 1946 and held this office for one session. Norwegian lawyer and politician Trygve Lie was the United Nations first Secretary-General(1946-1953)
✅ The highest office of UNO is General assembly,The United Nations has six(6) main organs,The six(6) official languages of the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish
✅ There are two non-member observer states of the United Nations: State of Palestine & the Holy See .
✅ China officially became a member of the United Nations on October 24, 1945. Israel(59th member of the UN) was admitted to the United Nations (UN) on May 11, 1949. Georgia, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan become the member of the UNO in1992. Montenegro 192nd member state joined the UNO in28 June 2006:
✅ The last country to become a member of the United Nations was South Sudan(193th member), which joined on July 14, 2011.
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he SDGs are designed to end poverty, hunger, AIDS, and discrimination against women and girls. The creativity, knowhow, technology and financial resources from all of society is necessary to achieve the SDGs in every context.
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Brazil is the largest country by area and the most populous country in South America. Brasilia is the capital of Brazil. Brazilian Real is the currency of Brazil. Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.
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Francois Bernier was a French physician, political philosopher, traveler, and historian. Prince Murad: Murad Mirza was a Mughal prince as the second surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar. Princess Jahanara: She was the elder sister of the crown prince, Dara Shikoh, and Emperor Aurangzeb.
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The correct length of the pitch in cricket is 22 yards or 20.12 meters. This measurement is taken from the bowling crease to the batting crease. The length of the pitch has remained the same since the 19th century. The size of the pitch is important in cricket as it affects the gameplay and scoring opportunities.
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Australia is the most successful team in the World cup cricket. They have won the champions title 5 times and runners up 2 times. West Indies and India have won two times and Pakistan and Sri Lanka have won it one time each. The first Cricket World Cup contest was organised in England in 1975.
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Brazil has won the FIFA World Cup a maximum number of times. Brazil won this title 5 times. Brazil won its first title in the year of 1958. After Brazil, Italy is the most successful team in FIFA. Italy won 4 titles.
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Smallest planet - Mercury. Blue planet - Earth. Densest planet - Earth. Farthest and Coldest planet - Neptune. The planet has the fastest revolution - Mercury. The planet has the slowest revolution - Neptune. The largest satellite in our solar system - is Ganymede. The smallest moon is Deimos, at Mars, only seven miles in diameter, although its size now is rivaled by the small shepherd moons discovered by Cassini at Saturn.
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There are three methods of heat transfer. 1.Conduction 2.Convection 3.Radiation .Radiation: When electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed to transfer the heat or When heat is transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as radiation.
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Water potential depends on the number or concentration of water molecules. The more the number of water molecules in a system, the higher will be the water potential. Hence, pure water has the highest water potential. By convention water potential of pure water has been fixed as zero.
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Chlorofluorocarbon gas is the most harmful to the ozone layer. There are three most harmful gases which may destroy ozone layer namely - Chlorofluorocarbons, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and Halons. Chlorofluorocarbons contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. These compounds react with the ozone layer in the stratosphere and cause the ozone to decrease.
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The study of human evolution indicates that all of us belong to a single species that evolved in Africa. The scientific study of human evolution is known as Paleoanthropology. The oldest human fossils are found in Africa. Studies of genetic diversity support Africa as the origin of homo sapiens.
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The male sex cells of the seed plants or flowering plants are contained in tough capsules, called pollen.Pollen grains are produced by male organs, anthers, or stamens.Stamen: The pollen-producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther. Anther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced.
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ECG is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.The heart is a circulatory system that carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body. The Heart has the job of pumping these things around the body. The Heart pumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called blood vessels. Heart has Four Chambers
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Iron is required to make Haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Iron is required to make Myoglobin. It is also a protein that provides oxygen to muscles. Iron is also needed to make some hormones. A deficiency of Iron causes Anaemia.
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The interrupt is a signal emitted by hardware or software when a process or an event needs immediate attention. It alerts the processor to a high-priority process requiring interruption of the current working process.
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The full form of PDF is Portable Document Format. They are typically used to distribute read-only documents that preserve the layout of a page. It was developed in the early 1990s by Adobe Systems.
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Superscript It is a character that is set slightly above the normal line. It is usually smaller than the rest of the text. It is used in a single typeface character. Eg: 52 - here 2 above 5 is called the superscript.
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Excel data types are the four different kinds of values in Microsoft Excel. The four main types of data are text, number, logical and error.Each of these data types has its own set of functions and operations that can be applied, and they interact in specific ways with Excel's suite of formulas and functions. Understanding them is key to effectively working with Excel.
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The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world. It is located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, New York City. The statue was a gift from France to the United States, dedicated on October 28, 1886. It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel.
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The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean sea) in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. The United States built it between Panama City and Colon across the Panama Isthmus. The length of the Canal is about 72 km. It cuts the distance between New York and San Francisco by 13000 km by sea.
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China has a 22,100-kilometer land border with 14 countries.The longest one is shared with Mongolia which is 4677 km in length, followed by Russia which is 3645 km in length, India which is 3380 km in length and Myanmar which is 2185 km in length.
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Tenge is the currency of Kazakhstan. It was introduced in 1993. Tenge replaced the Russian ruble in Kazakhstan after independence.Franc is the currency of countries like Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Djibouti, etc. Loti is the currency of Lesotho. The shekel is the currency of Israel.
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The initiative to create the city of Neom emerged from Saudi Vision 2030, a plan to reduce Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public-service sectors.
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Gangkhar Puensum is the highest point in Bhutan and the highest unclimbed mountain in the world. Other important peaks: Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain.The official language of Bhutan is Dzongkha. The capital of Bhutan is Thimpu. The currency of Bhutan is Ngultrum.
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Most of the high peaks in Pakistan are in Karakoram range, the highest of which is K2 (8,611m), the second highest peak on Earth. The highest peak of Himalayan range in Pakistan is Nanga Parbat (8,126m), which is the ninth highest peak of the world.
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Safed Koh mountain range on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.Karakoram range is having many peaks such as k2 Mount Godwin Austen (8611m), the second-highest peak in the world, and three other peaks like Gasherbrum |(8068 m), Broad peak (8047 m), Gasherbrum II (8035 m).
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Rakaposhi, meaning "Shining Wall" or Dumani, meaning "Mother of Mist" in Burushaski, .Mount Rakaposhi (7788 m) is the peak in the Karakoram range.It is also the steepest peak in the world.It is the 27th-highest mountain in the world.
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In 07 September 1958, Pakistan finally bought back Gwadar from Oman. Pakistan was able to reclaim the 2,400 square miles of territory of Gwadar in return for a payment. According to the 14-point agreement of transfer, Pakistan paid Oman three million pounds for the loss of revenue.
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Monsoon season runs from July to September in Pakistan. The heaviest one-day rainfall of 337 mm occurred at Lahore Airport (Punjab) on 1st August2024. The same station observed the wettest month with a total of 603 mm in August-2024 and the wettest season with a total of 951.1 mm rainfall.
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Kalabagh has the largest iron deposits in Pakistan, with an estimated reserve of about 309 million tons. Fuller's Earth deposits are located in D.G. Khan District.
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Guru Nanak founded the Kartarpur town by Ravi River in 1504, plowing the fields and setting up a community kitchen, or Langar. He assembled a Sikh commune there, and lived for 18 years until his death on 22 September 1539.
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Hiran Minar is located near the city of Sheikhupura, and is 40 kilometers away from the provincial capital, Lahore. Built in 1606 by the 4th Mughal King Jahangir in memory of his pet deer named Hansraj.
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Qutub-ud-din Aibak, a slave of Muhammad Ghori, who became the ruler after the death of his master, founded the Slave Dynasty. He built Qutub Minar in Delhi. The next important king of the Slave dynasty was Shams-ud-din Iltutmush, who himself was a slave of Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
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Birbal was the first Hindu to join Din-i-Ilahi/Tauhid-i-Ilahi.Akbar proclaimed a new religion, Din‑i‑Ilahi, in 1582 AD. Birbal was the only Hindu who followed this new religion Din-i-Ilahi.
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The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization along communal lines. To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by King George V in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement's riots in protest against the policy.